References: [1] [2] [3]. References: [4] [5] [6]. We list the most important adverse effects. The selection is not exhaustive. References: [4] [5] [7] [8]. Clinical science Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are drugs derived from the quinoline molecule. Visual disturbances : in cases of long-term use, regular ophthalmological exams are recommended Irreversible retinopathy : key fundoscopic feature is Bull's eye maculopathy Reversible corneal opacity Blurred vision Photophobia Gastrointestinal: e.
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Legislative Successes. Spread Awareness. Get Local Support. Join Our Support Community. Shareable Toolkit. Sign Up for Emails. Tell Your Story. Media Relations. Contact Us. Annual Report. National Lupus Partners Network. Dosing Hydroxychloroquine is generally prescribed at a daily dose of 6. Benefits include: Decrease in the number of disease flares. Decrease in damage from disease over time. Ability to delay absorption of ultraviolet light. Reduction in the number of antigen-presenting cells in the skin.
The authors found: Strong evidence, especially with HCQ, of decreased lupus activity during pregnancy without harm to the fetus. Strong evidence of prevention of disease flares.
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Strong evidence of increased long-term survival. Moderate evidence of protection against irreversible organ damage, thrombosis blood clot formation , and bone mass loss. Side effects In some people, HCQ may cause gastrointestinal problems, such as nausea, vomiting, upset stomach, cramps, or diarrhea.
Rare complications The greatest concern people have when taking hydroxychloroquine is related to vision. The AAO review makes several important points: The purpose of monitoring is to recognize early toxicity and not the prevention of toxicity. There is a strong suggestion from the literature that HCQ toxicity is related to dosage and duration of use. The majority of cases have occurred at more than 6. Patients who have macular degeneration or retinal dystrophy, or who have had previous HCQ use, may be more susceptible to toxicity or may at least present more complicated monitoring problems.
Patients who have severe compromise of renal or hepatic systems might theoretically have more toxicity, as the drug is cleared from the body by these two organ systems. Obesity may cause an overestimation of the safe dose of HCQ, as the drug does not accumulate in fat.
The future Hydroxychloroquine was previously prescribed only for people whose lupus disease activity was mild in its course; if the lupus became active, steroids or immunosuppressants would be prescribed instead.
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