Asymptomatic carrier state, acute respiratory disease, and pneumonia due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 SARS-CoV-2 : Facts and myths. Despite the fact that most COVID cases and mortalities were reported in China, the WHO has declared this outbreak as the sixth public health emergency of international concern. Adults represent the population with the highest infection rate; however, neonates, children, and elderly patients can also be infected by SARS-CoV In addition, nosocomial infection of hospitalized patients and healthcare workers, and viral transmission from asymptomatic carriers are possible.

The most common finding on chest imaging among patients with pneumonia was ground-glass opacity with bilateral involvement. Severe cases are more likely to be older patients with underlying comorbidities compared to mild cases.

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To date, effective treatment is lacking; however, clinical trials investigating the efficacy of several agents, including remdesivir and chloroquine, are underway in China. New insights on the antiviral effects of chloroquine against coronavirus: what to expect for COVID? Despite drastic containment measures, the spread of this virus is ongoing.

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The efforts of international health authorities have since focused on rapid diagnosis and isolation of patients as well as the search for therapies able to counter the most severe effects of the disease. Once your body's infected, this is what coronavirus does. President Donald Trump has joined the fray by voicing his support for two drugs that have existed for decades—the antibiotic azithromycin, and a version of the antimalarial drug chloroquine. In truth, the U. Food and Drug Administration has not approved hydroxychloroquine—most often used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and lupus—for use with COVID, though it has approved a test in combination with azithromycin that is now slated for New York.

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Meanwhile, health officials around the world, including Anthony Fauci , the head of the U. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, are urging caution about the drugs. The chloroquine narrative started with several small studies from China and France —both of which have shortcomings and offer few lessons for patients at large.

Indeed, the only patients to die or to be sent to intensive care in the French study had taken hydroxychloroquine. Self-medication with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin may also come with hazards, as the two drugs might stress the heart and increase the risk of arrhythmia. On Monday, the president vowed to send New York thousands of doses of the combo for an FDA trial, not long after an Arizona hospital reported one of its patients died after self-medicating on chloroquine phosphate, a form of the compound used to clean aquarium tanks.

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Nigerian health officials reported two cases of chloroquine overdoses over the weekend. ACE inhibitors, drugs that are used widely to treat high blood pressure , have also come under fire during the COVID crisis, with some reports suggesting that patients should stop taking these medications if they develop symptoms.

The concern stems from the fact that SARS and the new coronavirus enter cells by latching on to a protein called angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, or ACE2 for short. The protein abounds on the surfaces of cells in the heart and lungs, where it helps regulate a hormone that affects blood pressure constriction.

Trump Repeats False Claim That FDA Approved Malaria Drug Chloroquine for Covid-19

A study found evidence of such an increase in mice , and a study in humans found increased ACE2 levels in the urine of patients who were taking a medication related to ACE inhibitors. People with high blood pressure and heart disease do appear to be at higher risk for COVID, but that probably has more to do with the underlying ailments themselves. Learn how these underlying conditions make coronavirus more severe. Several other drugs are under investigation in clinical trials or are being considered for clinical trials of prophylaxis or treatment of COVID in the United States and worldwide.



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Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link. Section Navigation. Minus Related Pages. Remdesivir Remdesivir is an investigational intravenous drug with broad antiviral activity that inhibits viral replication through premature termination of RNA transcription and has in-vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2 and in-vitro and in-vivo activity against related betacoronaviruses [ ]. The manufacturer is currently transitioning the provision of emergency access to remdesivir from individual compassionate use requests to an expanded access program.

Are Hydroxychloroquine, Azithromycin ‘Game Changers’ in Fight Against COVID-19?

The expanded access program for the United States is under rapid development. Other Drugs Lopinavir-ritonavir did not show promise for treatment of hospitalized COVID patients with pneumonia in a recent clinical trial in China [ 8 ]. Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus nCoV in vitro. Cell Res. Comparative therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir and combination lopinavir, ritonavir, and interferon beta against MERS-CoV. Nat Commun. Broad-spectrum antiviral GS inhibits both epidemic and zoonotic coronaviruses. Sci Transl Med.

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